Impacts of Video Game

A video game is an electronic game that involves human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device (Wikipedia, 2011). With many types of games, there are many different effects that affect our life and most of them are bad. The first and also the most dangerous problem is violence. According to Dr. Craig Anderson (2003), violent video games may have even stronger effects on children's aggression for many reasons. He says that video games are highly interactive and engaging.In the other hand, many games reward for violent behaviors and because children repeat these behaviors again and again, they become more violent (Craig Anderson, 2003). Share the same idea with Anderson, Barlett (2009) describes five negative effects of video games and violence is the most dangerous effect. Violent video games is causally related to aggressive thoughts, physiological arousal, aggressive behavior, and antisocial behavior, as a result, children become more violent and they can’t control their action.Besides, there is a strong connection between violent video games and narcissism. Highly narcissistic individuals may act more violent after playing violent video games (Barlett, 2009). It seems like almost attacks are directed to the violent video game but there are some different opinions. One study by University of Rochester (N. Y. ) researchers Daphne Bavelier and C. Shawn Green(2010) on the first-person shooter game â€Å"Unreal Tournament† found that players improved perceptual and attention skills by playing that game.It gives player some highly mental skills like problem solving, logic, quick thinking, making fast analysis and decisions. They found that playing pro-social games led to more subsequent â€Å"helping† behavior in users (Daphne Bavelier, 2010). These researchers’ opinions may right but this problem doesn’t stop there. The author of the research â€Å"The good and the bad effects of video gam es† (raisesmartkid. com, 2010) points out that the effects of video games on children is worsened by the games interactive nature. Children are rewarded for being more violent.In some other ways, violent video games affect our social life. We may spend less time in other activities such as doing homework, sports and interacting with the family and friends (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). â€Å"GTA series† is the best example for this problem. In this game, we can do everything we want like stole a car or kill people. Although many people agree with this opinion, we cannot deny the beneficial side of it. â€Å"For the U. S military, video games get serious† (Albert Rizzo, 2011). 2. 1. 2 Affect our health. The second problem is our health.Video games affect not only our behavior, feeling but also our body. According to Dr. Mohamed K. Khan (2006), in Great Britain, those between the ages of 7 and 19 were associated with a 1. 1 per 100,000 risks for experiencing a light-i nduced seizure. However, those in the same age range who played video games experienced a 1. 5 per 100,000 risk. Dr. Khan also finds out that video games affect our movement. Our muscles become smaller because when we play video game, our body doesn’t need to work, as a result, our body become weaker than the normal person (Mohamed K.Khan, 2006). 2. 1. 3 Become addicted. The last problem is video game addiction. With many bad effects, why game still becomes an addiction and make us spend all day for it? Dr. Charles Ungerleider (2007) explains that â€Å"they're very compelling with increasing complexity, so a child becomes more facile, yet wants to know more and apply new skills. † While wanting to improve their game isn't a problem in itself, it becomes one if video games are â€Å"taking a youngster away too much from other activities,† says Ungerleider. (Dr. Charles Ungerleider, 2007).According to the author of the research â€Å"The good and the bad effects of video games† (raisesmartkid. com, 2010), video games addiction will affect our social life. We spend all day to play video games and it will destroy our social skill (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). 2. 2 Solutions. 2. 2. 1 Buyers check the game carefully. According to the author of the research â€Å"The good and bad effects of video games†, Buyers should check the game carefully. Every video game has the Rating and buyers should check it before buying that game.The government divides video games into 6 levels, and each level suitable for each group of age. We also need to note the title and the cover picture. The reviews of the game are important and because of that reason, we should search for the game in the internet before decide to buy it. Some websites will give score of the game so choose prestigious websites. The information from these websites is very useful. It will give the buyer the day that the game is released or the type of that game.Buyer can watch the ga me review or play the demo of the game and it will give the buyer some experiences before decide to buy that game (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). 2. 2. 2 Players do more exercise to improve your help. Because of the bad effect of video games on our health, we should do more exercises to train our body. 1 hour per day for morning exercise will make our muscles stronger. In addition, some leisure activities like swimming, walking, fishing also well for your health (Pietro Galassetti and the other researchers, 2001). 2. 2. Players need family power. According to Los Angeles-based psychotherapist Robert Butterworth (2010) ,dysfunctional parenting, children with little guilt, and accessibility to firearms with little parental supervision can create violent children. â€Å"Most children who commit violent crime show an early combination of personality and family factors that include having trouble getting along with playmates in preschool,† ( Robert Butterworth , 2010). Therefore, pare nt should limit the amount of time their children play video games or set a password for their computer.According to the author of the research â€Å"Create a strong password†, the password should have eight characters or more and try to put more uncommon characters. However, some children can break the password easily because they have some hacking skill. Because of that reason, parent should learn some way to power up your password. There are four steps that will make your password stronger. Step one is use a full sentence. After that, parent should remove all the spaces between the words. Next step is turning words into shorthand.And finally, you should put some numbers that meaningful to you (Microsoft. om, 2011). If you think the password can’t stop your children from playing video game, you should use some software to lock the computer. In the other hand, parent should give their children a variety entertaining things to learn from, so they will be addicted to vi deo games. Children should join the other leisure activities like soccer, fishing, and swimming. If you think your children addict to play video games, you should send them to some Game Quitting Programs. Tran Nguyen (2009), reporter of Viet Nam news, says that these programs will focus on maintaining and enhancing feelings.Most of the students of these programs had quit video games while the others had moderated the time they spent playing (Tran Nguyen, 2009). 3. Conclusion The findings reveal that Video games have many bad effects. These effects affect not only our behavior but also our health. Video games become an addiction, a national issue. However, we still can avoid these bad effects with some solutions like game checking system, morning exercises and parent s’ responsibility. With these solutions, we can control the problem and make it become a powerful tool for everybody around the world.

How Does Margaret Atwood Portray Love

In A Women's Issue, Orpheus (1 and Orpheus (2), Margaret Atwood exposes what love can be and what it can do. Ultimately, Atwood presents love as an evil disguise which brings about misery and not happiness. In A Women's Issue, Atwood shows different scenarios of women in unfavorable circumstances. First there is, â€Å"The woman In the spiked device/ that locks around the waist and between/ the legs, with holes In It Like a tea strainer† (Atwood 1-3). This chastity device was probably created to protect the woman's flagrantly out of love.However, the love of the woman, or possibly the love of virtuous women resulted in he creation of a device that must be insufferable (and unhealthy) to wear. Second there is a woman with, â€Å"†¦ A four-inch/ wooden peg jammed up/ between her legs so she can't be raped† (6-8). In this instance, Atwood presents a barbaric and ironic world. The poem makes it seem as though the woman will get raped the moment she takes out the wooden peg which is very savage. It Is also Ironic that the woman who does not want to be raped has a peg placed Inside herself.Affection is absent, and as the examples continue in the poem, this idea progresses. Exhibit C he young girl dragged into the bush by midwives and made to sing while they scrape the flesh from between her legs, then tie her thighs till she scabs over and Is call healed. Now she can be married†¦ Men like tight women (10-18) In the previous case, a young girl is forced to have her privates changed so that she is pleasing to the opposite sex because they believe men love tight women.The midwives probably think they are showing love to the young girl because they are making her more desirable and fit for marriage, however, this love results In pain and f the poem Atwood poses an interesting question; â€Å"Who invented the word love? † (39). With this last statement, Atwood challenges the view that love is affection for a person and expressed through pass ion. She describes the place between a woman's leg as, â€Å"Enemy territory, no man's/ land, to be entered furtively/ fenced, owned but never surely' (30-32), and men only have â€Å"†¦ Uneasy power† (37).In this poem, passion does not really exist and love is a guise under which humans can be inhumane. In Orpheus 1, love acts as a cover for egotistical need. The poem is told form the respective of Eurydice, Orpheus' wife who was bitten by a viper and died shortly after they were married. Orpheus travels to the underworld, and using his irresistible singing voice, renders Hades powerless. He then leads his wife out of the underworld, but not before he is given the simple condition to not look back at Eurydice until they are out of the underworld.Orpheus is very controlling and never considers what Eurydice may have chosen to do. The poems begins, muff walk in front of me,] pulling me back out/ to the green light that had once/ grown fangs and killed me† (1-4). Th e word pulling implies that Eurydice does not want to go back to the world of the living. Eurydice is also fearful of the world because of the viper that killed her, yet Orpheus is only thinking about his self-satisfaction which he calls love. The poem continues, â€Å"l was obedient, but/†¦ He return/ to time was not my choice† (5-8). Unfortunately, Orpheus is blinded by his ego disguised as love and does not consider whether or not Eurydice want to go with him. Furthermore, it is stated, Mimi had your old leash/ with you, love you might call it† (14-15). Clearly, love is to affection, but a means of control. This overbearing control masked as love resulted in unhappiness. Orpheus looked backed too soon, before Eurydice was out of the cave and thus she, â€Å"†¦ Had to/ fold like a gray moth and let go' (36-37).Orpheus 2 further shows the negative effects that Orpheus' ego-love had. After losing love, which is power to Orpheus, he tries to bring it back, but to no avail. â€Å"He has been trying to sing/ love into existence again/ and he has failed† (13-15). He goes on singing, â€Å"among the gray stones/ of the shore where nobody goes/ through fear. Those with silence† (10-12), however, the others so not want him to continue to sing. â€Å"They have cut off both his hands'†¦ They will tear/ his head from his body in one burst/ of furious refusal. He foresees this, Yet he will go on† (23-27). Ultimately, Orpheus suffers because of his misinterpretation of love. He no longer has the love of Eurydice. He cannot please with his singing any longer. He fails to bring true love and affection back into existence. Ultimately, he suffers a cruel death. In these poems by Margaret Atwood, romantic and affectionate love does not exist. Love is absent and unkind when present. It hurts and takes and leaves pain in its wake.It is like a trench coat, concealing a deadly weapon. Instead of the warm feelings of adoration and p assion, Atwood presents what love really is most of the time – a cover for an unlikable trait – an excuse for unthinkable actions. Simply, love is a deliverer of pain. Who really did invent the word love? Perhaps he was a guilty deceiver, outwitting the world to his own advantage; hiding treachery behind a brilliant smile. Cared about. The word must have been untainted then, still innocent; not yet evil.

Case Analysis Sweden The Evolution of Health Care information Coursework

Case Analysis Sweden The Evolution of Health Care information - Coursework Example The Spri study also wished to establish the implication of the new medical information system on the quality, cost of health service and the performance of medical practitioners. In addition, the study was carried out to establish the significance of the computerized information system in carrying out medical follow-ups. The user friendliness of the health care system to different end users was also a significant objective of the Spri study. Although the implementation of the computerized health records would be beneficial to the government and the citizens, its implementation is difficult. This is because integrating the complex health records of the entire population would be difficult. The Swedish public health system is, therefore not likely to achieve the proposed benefits or rate of implementing the new health record system (Marion, Charlotte, and Joan 74). The understanding of information technology concerning its status and its future is also a significant aspect of implementing recommendation of the Spri case study. Developments in information technology have taken different directions and, therefore it is impossible to predict its future implications adequately. This is because the current Spri studies have been conducted using the present IT knowledge that might be irrelevant in the future. The projections that can be derived from the case stud y will only be valid in the short term due to the rapid evolution of information technology. The governments and local authorities need implementing the recommendations of the case study in order to reap its benefits. Lack of global consideration of IT has also contributed to the lack of credibility of the study results. The health care system can be described as information rich. This is because the sector deals with large volume of data. Information or the important content from the large volume of data is the most significant. The implementation of IT in health care systems will enable the

Feasibility Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feasibility Report - Research Paper Example The university offers various facilities to facilitate the learning process that the students partake, hence, making it the fourth largest University in the state of Texas. The campus has a retention rate of approximately 63% of first-time freshmen; however, the number of students anticipated to increase with the execution of the admission principles. The new buildings, the renovation and the proposed housing solutions will indeed help in achieving the rise in retention rate. This will increase the University’s growth in the number of student receiving its full potential. Students’ retention at the University of Houston Downtown has proven to be a challenge. Over the years, the University has found it hard to preserve the large numbers of student intake. This paper is a feasibility report on a research that was initiated to find possible solutions to the addressed challenge. This report will scrutinize the possible solutions and offer recommendations and a conclusion. P roposed solutions The university of Houston downtown is the fourth largest university in the state of Texas. This shows the stretch of the high number of students using the university’s facilities. However, most of the students who join the University of Houston Downtown have trouble finding hostels or apartments within the school. The pressure of the growing population means that the administration has to find solutions in order to accommodate increasing numbers of student (Geiger Mass & College Prowler Firm, 2011). This has led to the three possible solutions that include; the leasing of off-campus apartments that are owned by the university; retaining first years by means of on campus housing program, renovating of the old buildings around the school for spacing and accommodation purposes (Geiger Mass & College Prowler Firm, 2011). Research Methods The following are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats (SWOT) analysis of these proposed solutions. Leasing of o ff-campus housing for students. According to my investigations, the university has considerable support from the neighboring properties owner but at a rate agreeable to both parties. The properties have the capacity to house approximately 12% of the students in the campus. The properties are in decent shape and are secure. The owners are interested in making a deal with the university; hence, the university has a chance to make the leasing agreement possible. The cost of the leasing can range from a minimum of 9% to 14% of the university’s income. The effectiveness of leasing oof-campus houses will be determined by terms of agreement by the University and the property owners. The implementation of this program is both time and money efficient. The deals also provide a threat to the successful implementation of this program. The parties involve may have disagreements over the rent rates (Simha & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003). Either, charging some of the lease r ent to the student or focusing on the properties owners prepared to cooperate

Young adults books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Young adults books - Essay Example Social and economic problems make the situation still worse. Shattered is one of the Bluford Series book, by Paul Langan. The story is weaved around the problems of teens in a predominantly black school. It is the same old problem that has confronted the younger generation through the Ages—it is between him and her! Darcy Wills is the prime character in the story. By dating a boy named Hakeem, who has a stuttering problem, she derives instant sympathy from the readers. But not for long! Hakeem leaves Bluford for a short break to Detroit and then returns. In the meantime, Darcy has knowledge that he has another girlfriend and she is kept in dark about this relationship. The love-transaction is not over. Darcy too has been seeing another boy, and he loved her so intensely and as the proof of his desperate love, made a daring attempt to rape her, but her Dad rescued her from the dastardly act well in time! Perhaps that was his only contribution for the welfare of the family, by the otherwise drunkard father. When Darcy’s parents have their own personal problems, what family ideals they can impart to the children? The story makes an interesting read for the adults for obvious reasons. They may see part of their own perverted aspects of personality in the story. If one tries to extract some moral from the story, it could be—don’t keep anything hiding from your intimate friends, especially the boyfriend. Don’t come to judgment about any individual unless you verify the facts. As for your parents, try not to interfere in their problems. Love them both, if possible. Soon, the compulsions of the circumstances will bring them together, and they will understand that it is in their own interest not to create fresh problems and solve the existing ones. How the parents can cope up with children like Martin Luna? How students like him can pay attention to studies, haunted with the killer

Schindlers List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Schindlers List - Essay Example Schindler’s conflicting personality traits was another reason Spielberg wanted to produce and direct the film; he was intrigued by the fact that the rescuer of about 1,200 Jews was was a vain, attention-seeking German Nazi spy. â€Å"He provided women, cognac, perishables—things you couldn’t get except through the black market,† Spielberg said. â€Å"He threw good parties, pimped and did some wenching himself. He had a great awareness of his charisma and he used it as if Eastern Europe during World War II were one great confidence game†. Spielberg reflected on the genocides in Rwanda, Bosnia, and the Middle East that also prompted him to make the film: â€Å"We were racing over these moments in world history that were exactly like what happened in 1943† He thought about one question during the film’s production: â€Å"What would drive a man like this to suddenly take everything he had earned and put it all in the service of saving the se lives?† For research, Spielberg interviewed several of Schindlerjuden, many of whom appear as themselves at the end of the film visiting Schindler’s real-life grave in Israel and placing stones on his tombstone, a customary Jewish act of respect. When he questioned the Schindlerjuden about Schindler’s possible reason for rescuing them, they said they only cared that Schindler helped them at all. The film was shot mostly in black and white; the only coloured portions were the opening scene, when the surviving Jews sing their prayers, and when the Schindlerjuden visit their rescuer’s grave

MTV Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MTV - Case Study Example Also, it must be noted that the management of the MTVI conducted massive changes in the scheduling and presentation of programs in order to meet the tastes and expectations of the local population. We understand all the details of the process in the course of this article. MTVI’s main motive to expand all through different continents was to position MTV as a No. 1 global brand in cable television and music broadcast. In its plans of introducing the channel in the Middle East, the channel’s management had to undertake rigorous research and analysis before announcing the launch. Whenever a channel plans to launch itself in the new territory, local producers and networks try to grab as much channel space as they can. Anything new is always welcome and MTV had a tough time deciding which local producers to rely on and which to reject. It started by measuring the major blocks that could create a rough ride in the establishment of the channel. They can be broadly classified into cultural sensitivity, program content, and political and social opinions which could create controversy and social turmoil. MTVI understood that it has to reflect and respect culture and this was highly important for the Arabian challenge. With the brains of Roedy, Singh and ABN’s Sayegh (Purkayastha, 5) behind the venture, right from the word go, MTV concentrated on creating the right balance between cultural aspects considered important to the Middle East and the outgoing spirit of program content that the channel is known to provide. In what has been termed as a litmus test for the channel in adapting its core principles to the concept of localization that it had adopted in the 90s, the Arabian market turned out to be the promise it was considered. As it is, the most important factor that attracts every global brand to the Arabian market is the market strength. MTV was well aware that outside

Contemporary American consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary American consumption - Essay Example Hurricane Katrina was a widely publicized natural disaster greater than any our country has ever seen before. The devastation has been unimaginable, but is it possible that we are to blame for the destruction of New Orleans and the surrounding areas that were destroyed by the storm? Built on land that sits below sea level, it is a miracle that New Orleans survived as long as it did without such a disaster taking place (Quindlen). Unfortunately, the American people believe so strongly that nothing like this could happen that the government, knowing we were going to have a â€Å"monstrous† hurricane season, took no efforts to prepare relief efforts if a storm like Katrina did strike (Quindlen). New Orleans is not the only place that is at risk of disaster by Mother Nature. Americans have taken it upon themselves to build thing where they were never intended to be, over canyons, along the water, and on top of wetlands (such as New Orleans). The levy in New Orleans failed for one reason; it was never intended by nature to be there in the first place. The simple fact that a levy needed to be built in the first place should have acted as a warning sign. It was a man made structure placed there as a form of protection for a city they know was built in a dangerous place. Disasters such as Katrina are going to continue to happen again and again unless the American people make some serious change to the ways they are developing our country (Quindlen). In order to prevent further disaster it is Quindlen’s suggestion that we take notice of the damage our country is sustaining from natural disasters and makes a change to the way we are treating our land and out country. She is absolutely right. Americans have used newly developed technology to replace Mother Nature and turn our country into the version that we want it to be,

Human Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Case Study Example The company that is discussed in the case study is the Oceanic Airways. The case is about the human resource management of the company and how the organization has failed to maintain profitability due to a massive failure in managing in its human resource. The case discusses the factors that have led the company to its downfall. The case also gives brief information on the airline industry of Asia. The main focus of the case is on Oceanic Airway’s HR practices. The case presents the failure of the HR department of Oceanic Airways due to many factors. The information about the practices of the company is given and the main players in the organization are also discussed with the comments of the employees. The case study also identifies many problems in the organizational structure of the company. The company is has seen any interference from the government and that is considered one of the main problems of the company. Communication gap was another problem identified. There are other factors like high fuel prices and other economic factors that have contributed to the downfall of the company. These factors are more or less uncontrollable for the organization. The main information is on the human resource management practices of the company and how different human resource department work in order to perform basic functions of recruiting, selecting, training and promoting. The details of how human resource department work is provided in the case. Human resource problems of the company are actually increasing with the day with more and more employees getting disgruntle about the situation. The company has to start to think about its practices and should revamp all its policies in order to satisfy employees and in turn make profits. Employees actually are a source of income for the company especially in times of uncertainty when the airline industry is facing intense competition and fuel prices are fluctuating like anything.

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Example for Free

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Luis Alberto Urrea has done thorough research over the topic of illegal immigration and the problems people face while crossing the border before writing this book. Most of them die in the mid of their journey as they have to cross on foot which is very dangerous and involves a lot of risk. Urrea describes the situation and facts so lively that the reader gets completely involved and almost starts feeling the pain by which these men might have gone through. Urrea wants to point out that these illegal immigrants as human eings and wants them to be treated likely because the process of immigration takes us back into the history when men were needed in US to do some odd jobs that the citizens were not willing to do. Also these people could be paid less and thus helped indirectly in the economy of the country. But seeing some of the Mexicans well settled in US lot of them wanted to come and this gave rise to people like Don Moi to create mafia too. The Arizona desert is considered as the devil’s highway because it is deadly. Getting lost nd water are continuous problems that men face there. The description of different kinds of death makes the reader breathless and this looks quite close to reality as they tell their personal stories and the reasons behind why each one is risking his life. Urrea uses terms like ‘cutting the drag’ and explains the reader how these men carry themselves forward in that unimaginably strong sun and drag their body in extreme hot conditions. He also uses terms like ‘a pig at a luau’, which is used to describe the type of death these men were getting in that deadly desert due to heat. The ‘signcutters’ like Don Moi in the story takes away his cut of interest and leave the men in the way lost, as there are no signposts in the way to guide them. Urrea spends a lot of time on the point of view of the Border Petrol because he wants to show the real picture to the readers. He has done complete research work and has interviewed the various politicians on each side. Some of them are in favor of immigration while many want to build a high wall from one end to other end of Border. He wants to tell the reader that the common and poor people suffer due to this kind of politics. The two sides of the story tell the reality of both immigrants and the problems they face and activities involved at the border like patrolling and maintaining them. Urrea has very beautifully mixed the two stories and makes the reader feel the real picture behind what people actually think of. The Devil’s Highway’ is considered as literary nonfiction because it is a story based on acts and author has done a great job of blending reality with story. The facts are so well described in the pattern of story telling that reader actually feels pain and almost relive the story along with words used by writer. Urrea tells the story in a very fascinating way and even gives brief description of each individual, his life and reason why he wants to immigrate. This makes the story even more interesting and live. The book is ‘literary’ because reader is almost linked to facts through the story.

Observation and Evaluation of a Teachers Lesson

Observation and Evaluation of a Teachers Lesson Describe the group characteristics (number and types of students, grade level, course description, etc.) of the observed classroom. There are 25 elementary school students in the classroom. The teacher is teaching multicultural students in an English Language Learners program. As the teacher explains how to distribute class material her instructions were made in English and Spanish. This indicates that some of her students are from Hispanic origin. Describe the tone of the observed teachers interactions with students. The teachers tone is firm and clear. The firmness of the teachers voice establishes the role she takes as the leader of the class. The clear tone allows the students to understand instructions given by their teacher. The firm and clear tone establishes the way the teacher interacts with students based on a teacher centered instruction. The teacher provides the students with information and the students are the receiver of that information. 2. Analysis, Exploration, and Reasoning Explain how the observed teacher builds the confidence of students with diverse backgrounds. The English Language Learners teacher assisted one of her student as she explained how to distribute class material for their next activity. She assisted the students by communicating effectively in Spanish to guide the student to properly distribute class material. This method helps students from diverse backgrounds the opportunity to build their confidence by encouraging them participate during an activity. When a student has a clear understanding of the instructions they are able to complete the task successful. This helps students to interact with their class environment in a positive way as they start building their self confidence. Describe the level of student engagement with the observed lesson. The students in the video are highly engaged. For example, the students are seating at their chairs and seating up straight as they listen actively to their teacher instructions. The students use eye contact to let their teacher know they are paying attention as she explains how to distribute materials. By staying quiet and facing forward is another indication they are engaged with the teachers instruction during their lesson. 3. Connections to Other Effective Teaching Practices Connect one pedagogical strategy observed in the lesson to building the confidence of students with diverse backgrounds. In the video the students are organized in small group discussions called cooperative learning. Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the achievement of a common goal (George Mason University, n.d., para.10). Students from diverse backgrounds are often hesitant to share ideas with the entire classroom due to the lack of confidence. Small group discussion allows the opportunity for students to contribute ideas and develop a bond among their group members. In the video the students in the cooperative groups were laughing as they interacted with one another. Children from diverse backgrounds learn to work as a team, develop social skills and start building their confidence through cooperative learning. 4. Evaluation Assess the effectiveness of the strategies the observed teacher used to build the confidence of students with diverse backgrounds. The first strategy viewed in the video was the way the teacher interacted with her diverse students through her tone. The teacher centered method was used through the teachers tone of voice as she established her role as the leader. The purpose of this role is to effectively build a respectful relationship between teacher and student. As this relationship develops, students from diverse backgrounds will begin to build a bond of trust with their teacher. This bond influences a positive impact in a students self esteem, confidence, and it motivates them to participate in class activities. The second strategy viewed in the video was the teachers explanation on the importance of understanding and learning from her diverse students bring into the classroom. For example Teach me how it is that you say it because I want to make the connection between what you know and what we know. We want to make sure that you feel good about who you are. When a teacher demonstrates respect and wiliness to learn from their diverse students, it helps students to appreciate themselves more. Through that appreciation students will feel valued and respected which will contribute to their confidence. The final strategy is cooperative learning. Cooperative learning allows students to interact with other students in a smaller group rather than sharing it with the entire class. Students from diverse backgrounds can build their confidence through team work, sharing ideas, and creating bonds as they work in groups. This foundation of confidence can lead to participating and sharing ideas in a class discussion. Explain the thinking process you went through to complete this evaluation. A teachers relationship with their students, a teachers method of teaching and cooperative learning method was the strategies I focused on to complete this evaluation. The first thing I focused on was the teacher and student relationship. Seen in the video the interaction between teacher and students was established through the teachers role as a leader and the way she included her students during the distribution of material by speaking in English and Spanish. The relationship a teacher has with their students is very important. It leads to respect, trust, and it encourages students to seek further education. The second things I focused on was the teachers explanation why she taught the way she did. For example, We dont want you to lose what you are and who you are. When a teacher shows respect and willing to learn from their students it leads to building a positive relationship in the classroom. The last thing was exploring the importance of cooperative learning. I realized this me thod is great opportunity for students to develop a positive interaction with peers and a healthy impact on their confidence. All of these strategies contribute to a students confidence, motivates students to succeed and genuinely build a bond among peers.

The Government’s Spending Review 2010 :: American Government, Budgeting, Spending Plans

The Government’s Spending Review 2010 The way the government sets out its budget is through allocation of monies to different governmental departments. These departments then allocate monies for services such as, health, defence, welfare benefits etc. â€Å"The Spending Review is the way that the Government sets spending plans for each department over a period of several years† (Anon, 2010)[1]. On 20th October 2010, the Government announced substantial UK spending cuts with local authorities, police, defence and welfare budgets all reduced. As a result the Government intends to â€Å"cut  £81 bn from public spending over four years† (BBC, 2010)[2]. Up to 500,000 public sector jobs could go by 2014/15, as a result of the cuts programme, according to the Office for Budget Responsibility (HM Treasury, 2010)[3]. Over the last few years the gap between what the Government took in as income and what it had to borrow to spend on services grew significantly. The yearly gap between the Government’s income and what it spends is known as the ‘deficit’. In recent years this deficit has grown in size. The key outcome from the Spending Review 2010, was to set in train a process of cutting the deficit and to make it more manageable and affordable in the future years. The government intends to do this through, reduction in government spending, such as, savings from welfare reforms and increases in taxation, e.g. the increase in VAT to 20 percent in January 2011 (Williamson, 2010)[4]. In the UK the Government obtains its income mainly from taxation, National Insurance contributions and excise duties. Due to the recession which began in 2008, the Government’s income dropped, but Government spending continued to increase. The deficit last year (2009/10) was  £155 bn (Anon, 2010)[1]. This is the amount of additional money the Government had to borrow to be able to pay for its spending on governmental activities last year. Macroeconomics The UK Government is pinning its hopes in the growth of the British economy, to help increase its income from taxation and by reducing the size of the public sector. The Office for National Statistics (ONS,2010)[5], confirmed in its press release on 24th November 2010, that the â€Å"UK economy grew at 0.8% between July and September 2010†. The 0.8% figure represents a slow down from 1.2% in the second quarter, but is still better than had been expected in the summer (Grierson, 2010)[6].

Lost Innocence in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne :: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, John Boyne

Evil can be glossed over by innocence but in the end subsumes it. This is vividly conveyed by John Boyne in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, a powerful narrative of lost innocence set in Nazi Germany. It all begins simply enough. Nine-year-old Bruno has to suddenly leave a familiar and beloved home where he could slide five floors down on a fine banister, and move with his parents and his twelve year old sister Gretel to a place called ‘Out With', where Father was going to be doing a very important job. ‘ The Fury' had dined with them the week before, and after that Bruno's father was given a brand new assignment, and as Bruno's mother told him, he would now have to wear a grander uniform than the one he had been wearing. So the family, with their entourage of staff and servants, leaves bustling Berlin. Sadly for Bruno, he has to also leave behind his three best friends, not to mention his beloved grandparents; he has to move far away to a much smaller, sequestered house with only Gretel (whom he thinks of as a Hopeless Case) for company. From his bedroom window, homesick Bruno can see groups of people in the distance, all in striped pyjamas moving about slowly behind a tall and endless wire fence. And because Bruno loves exploring, he soon sets out to find out more, although when he had asked his father who the people in the striped pyjamas were, his father had said that they were not people. The language and structure of this novel, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by the Irish writer John Boyne, labelled as young adult fiction in early editions, is deceptively simple. But this is definitely a book that adults must read; it is a fable set in living history that will jolt readers of all ages. Paradoxical While evil hiding among us is an ancient theme (as Agatha Christie once said), in this book evil is the base, glossed over by an innocence that is at one level redemptive, but at another level shocking. Bruno is the much loved child of a Nazi Commandant; but he is also an endearing little boy who adores his parents, is frustrated in typical sibling fashion with his pre-teen older sister, and in all aspects a solid little fellow; curious, full of energy and also trusting and innocent in a manner that sometimes seems a bit paradoxical for someone as intelligent as he is.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays: An Analysis :: Kill Mockingbird essays

An Analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      To Kill a Mockingbird is a narrative written by Harper Lee. By definition T.K.A.M is a mediated presentation of a causally connected series of actions involving characters in conflict. Harper Lee uses mediation to create a theme that illustrates the injustices of prejudice, intolerance, and quick judgments of others. Harper Lee choose the setting as an imaginary (Maycomb) county in Alabama during the 1930's. She set the story during this time because it was a time of social turbulence , and a time when Americans began to start thinking about more modern social issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harper Lee chose to tell the book from the eyes of Scout, because Scout's innocence and young age allow her to have a pure, untainted view on any event that takes place. In general, Scout observes, but has no preconception of the events that develop. Scout's point of view was also chosen because as a child, she can find the smallest bit of goodness that exists in anyone. For a child, it is easier to see the shades of gray of someone's character. A child cannot cite someone's age or gender etc... as a cause for their problems or shortcomings. After examining every character in the book through the eyes of Scout, not one character has made a conscious decision to be evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first character to be judged swiftly and wrongly is the Finch's neighbor Boo Radley. Boo is introduced as a hermit that lives shut up in his house, completely isolated from the outside world. Dill, Jem, and Scout spend most of their free time either ridiculing Boo or trying to lure him out of his house. By using the children's innocent fear of the unknown, Harper Lee succeeds in demonstrating the basis of all prejudice.In the end, the Finch's bizarre neighbor becomes a hero and saves the children from almost certain death. While the children imagined and concluded Boo was a monster of some sort, he ends up saving the children of whom he knows almost nothing about. This part also brings about a decision where abiding by the law would be an injustice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harper Lee introduces and portrays Bob Ewell as a villainous and evil man, but she creates Bob in this way to illustrate how judgment is too quickly made. Harper Lee begins to unfolds the root of Bob's anger.

Electronic media Essay

Man has a nature of curiosity. He always engages with doing something unique. In the past century they explored in many field. It was a time when a man could hardly think about the unbelievable development that is within reach now. Media is a mean of transmitting the message, thought, opinion and view point. In the beginning, man used horse and other animal to send the message to the receiver. It took time to deliver the message and the probability of spoiling the message was on the top. Now man has entered the age of science and technology. They have explored . They have got a tremendous achievement in many field as well as Electronic Media. We are living in the era of electronic media. None can avoid and escape from it. It is prevailing profound effects on advertisement, education, information, politics and other social activities. Electronic media has revolutionized the information system. Now everyone can be aware himself with current information and updates. So many TV channels in the country and internet websites justify the importance and advantages of electronic media where everyone has a freedom to exchange his view point freely. The electronic media has both effects, positive and negative. If it is playing a negative role, on the other hand it is educating, informing and entertaining the societies too. Today people are getting aware of their rights through the media. Many social programs on TV are presented to set the minds of the masses. Today’s youths try to find the answers to their questions and demand the authorities to account for because media has disclosed all that the new generation has to be aware of. As Pakistani media is pointing out crimes, ministers holding fake degrees, terrorism and inflation etc, it is appreciable because the responsible people can be brought to book in this way. Thus, the media, whatever– be print or the electronic media– its importance at least in the modern world cannot be denigrated. While we are sitting in our drawing rooms at home, we can get all the information of all happenings around the world. We get a sea of knowledge and all the information, relaxing at home. So much so good, but, what we notice today, with the freedom of the press taking new proportions, the media is becoming slightly out of control and also partial. The latest trend in the media is that it has become tainted with signs of extreme partiality. I personally feel that, the media is at times overstepping its limits and to some extent misusing its freedom. The job of the media is just to give information of what happens and not to add its own partial views to the information. The job of the media should remain restricted only to reporting facts as to when and how they occur, and leave the readers to form their own opinions. However, this is no truer of the modern trends of the media. They get news and paint them as per their own personal leanings and beliefs. This I’d say is not correct reporting as, it is likely to colour the views of the readers/ viewers. The task of the media is just to report and not colour the views of the people. It would be good if the media restricts itself only to passing On correct and exact information only, without any comments for or against any political party it would be doing its job correctly and sincerely.

Explore the theme of Duality in ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ Essay

First published in 1886, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was an immediate success and one of author Robert Louis Stevenson’s bestselling novels. It is a classic example of Gothic fiction and even though it may be seen as just a horror story, with accounts of violent murders and a disturbing, scientific experiment gone wrong, the book also explains the suppression of the Victorian society. Furthermore, Stevenson brought out further ideas of human psychology during the Victorian times, as the story explores the theme of duality in human nature; the idea that every person has two sides to themselves – a nicer, kind side which can also be seen as ‘artificial’ as it is displayed in social situations, whereas the sinister, darker side of man is unsuspected and hidden. This will be my main focus in the essay, analysing how Stevenson uses this theme of dual nature in his novel. ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ has another unusual twist because, after all the horrendous acts that have been committed and the unpredictable behaviour of the characters, it is only in the last chapter that the plot and the true dual nature of Henry Jekyll are revealed to the reader, through a letter that Jekyll leaves. It is in this letter that he describes in detail his theory of good and evil in one body, his scientific interests and what made him want to create such a potion that could separate his personality. Jekyll starts with an explanation of his family background and tells us how he was born to a â€Å"large fortune, endowed besides with excellent parts† showing that he had the best start in life and, even from an early age, it was clear that he had every chance of being successful in the future. This leads to the expectations of him, coming from a wealthy family with a high status in the Victorian times – Jekyll had to do what was expected of him and become a doctor or a lawyer, which he did achieve. He has all the money, respect and status and from the outside, Jekyll seems to have the perfect Victorian gentleman’s lifestyle. He lives up to this perfect life, putting on a show of having an honest nature, and maintaining good manners and respectable behaviour in public – â€Å"†¦he was now no less distinguished for religion. He was busy, he was much in the open air, he did good.† However Jekyll lives a double life, there’s more to him than the side that he displays in public. As much as he wants to be a good person and keep up his appearance, Jekyll finds it difficult to cover up his sinful side, where he feels the needs to commit bad deeds such as visiting prostitutes and going out drinking. It doesn’t clearly state what exactly it is that Jekyll wants, so it is left to the reader’s imagination. Even though it might not seem as bad to us in today’s society to drink and have sexual urges, it came across as ‘taboo’ in the Victorian times so we assume that it was in the immoral side of Jekyll’s nature to go round getting drunk and having sex. Furthermore if you had a higher status, it would be required of you to suppress these feelings so you wouldn’t be shunned upon for acting on your desires. Unfortunately it becomes more and more challenging each day for Jekyll to go on living with the two different sides within him, he â€Å"conceals his pleasures† for the reason that the position he has earned in society and his reputation, depend on it. Jekyll learns that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two†. Based on this theory, Jekyll researches and develops a potion that could allow him to try and split the two parts of him, so he can have two separate identities; one with a good nature and the other where he can give in to his darker desires without facing the consequences. After finally finding the right chemicals and substances, Jekyll puts together the potion and takes a sip, aware that he could be risking his life. As soon as he has taken the potion he begins to experience agonizing pains, the symptoms of which include â€Å"a grinding in the bones and deadly nausea†. However, all these pains disappear after a while and Jekyll starts to feel new, strange feelings he hasn’t felt before which he finds â€Å"incredibly sweet†. He sees â€Å"disordered sensual images† in his head and he instantly feels younger, stronger and happier. It seems as if, in a way, Jekyll has created a body to go with and represent his hidden personality and with just a gulp of the potion he has the power to transform himself into this other person, Mr Edward Hyde, whenever he wants. He realises that he now has an â€Å"unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul† and so he knows straight away that he can let out all the feelings he has k ept repressed for so long, that he can carry out the acts he has always desired, and commit sins without feeling that he guilt that he would have, as Jekyll. At first it seems as if the discovery of this potion was to Jekyll’s advantage; now he has another identity which allows him to do everything he has dreamed of doing, without paying the consequences. However Jekyll kept his darker side restrained for such a long period of time, and now that he can release himself through another body, the feelings that were repressed are now so strong that they become violent and lead to him causing harm to the society. Edward Hyde only appears briefly throughout the novel, and is first introduced through one of the other characters, Mr Enfield, telling the story of how he witnessed Hyde carelessly trampling all over a young for no apparent reason, late at night; this is what makes Hyde automatically come across as evil from the beginning of the story, to the readers. Robert Louis Stevenson also leaves what it is that Hyde gets up to, to the readers imagination too, but Hyde’s major appearance in the novel is when he brutally kills an old man known as Sir Danvers Carew (the local MP) using a stick and like the trampling of the young girl incident, without a motive. As Sir Danvers Carew is described as â€Å"an aged and beautiful gentleman† who is said to have â€Å"bowed and accosted Hyde with a very pretty manner of politeness†, it is oblivious to us what exactly it was that provoked Hyde to engage in such a horrifying murder. The fact that Hyde breaks out in a â€Å"great flame of anger† and trampled on Sir Danvers until his bones were â€Å"audibly shattered† and also that the heavy wooden cane he used to beat Sir Danvers with was broken in half, indicates the intensity of Hyde’s anger and how malicious the murder really was. The murder case brings out the cruelty in Hyde, and furthermore, represents the savagery within him and how animal like his nature is – how could a person kill another man so viciously, without even feeling the slightest bit of remorse? Hyde’s fury is described as â€Å"apelike† and the fact that his behaviour is linked to him being a beast or a savage animal all comes down once again, to the repression of Jekyll’s feelings – the monster in him comes out roaring. Once Jekyll transforms back into himself he realises just how awful the murder he committed as Hyde is and this leaves him feeling shocked and also worried about the amount of trouble he will be in, so therefore vows to never take the potion again. On the other hand, Hyde makes it impossible for Jekyll to stick to this vow. This is for the reason that Hyde loathes Jekyll; he wants to be this free, untamed personality all the time and so the power that he has over Jekyll grows more and more until Jekyll finds himself unwillingly transforming into Hyde at random times, without even needing to drink the potion. Jekyll becomes helpless and acknowledges that the only way he will ever be able to get rid of Hyde is by ending his own life. Throughout the novel, R.L. Stevenson uses language which portrays both Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde as two very different characters, both of their contrasting descriptions suggest that they are nothing alike and that they have nothing in common – they are both opposites. If it wasn’t for Jekyll’s will which shows us both characters are well acquainted, we would think that they have nothing to do with each other. As soon as Hyde is just vaguely mentioned in the novel, the other characters and the narrative descriptions use negative language directly towards him. They act as if they’ve been horrifically shocked by his facial features which makes the reader picture him as a repulsive looking creature, especially as he is said to be â€Å"pale and dwarfish† and that he â€Å"gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation†. The text even indicates that there is something so wrong with Hyde’s physical appearance that he can scare away the other characters in the book by simply looking at them – â€Å"but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running.† Also Hyde is often related to having animal-like characteristics and behaviour, linking to Darwin’s theory of evolution which was newly introduced in the Victorian times around the same period the story was set. The idea that humans had evolved from animals extremely shocked the Victorians. On one hand it was difficult for them to get their heads around the fact that humans descended from apes and that the human mind could be composed of animal element, since they strongly believed that God was the creator of the world and all the species, contradicting Darwin’s theory which challenged creation stories and religious beliefs. On the other hand it was highly disturbing for the Victorians to acknowledge that they too had descended from apes, when they thought that every individual had been uniquely made by God. It must have been especially frightening, for a Victorian to read The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, and discover the beastlike aspects of Hyde which suggest that he is stuck in the phase of evolving from an ape into a human. This also reflects back to Jekyll creating the potion – by attempting to split his personality, he was tampering with God’s creation and going beyond the limits as a human. Jekyll goes too far with his experiments, resulting in disasters. The two different areas in London that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde are associated with also differentiate from each other and reflect their contrasting personalities. Jekyll lives in Cavendish Square, a very wealthy area in the west end of London, symbolising the high status of the career that Jekyll has – he’s a d octor who is wealthy and respectable. Alternatively Hyde comes from Soho; one of the poorest areas in London with a bad reputation, at the time the story was set. It is described as a â€Å"dismal quarter† with â€Å"muddy ways† and â€Å"slatternly passengers† and was home to the disreputable and indecent places in the Victorian times, such as brothels and music halls – there was a â€Å"dingy street, a gin palace, a low French eating house, a shop for the retail of penny numbers† which indicates the low wealth of Soho. The â€Å"dingy streets† and cheapness of Soho makes the reader imagine dirty and grubby roads in comparison to those of Cavendish Square which are â€Å"as clean as a ball-room floor†. The quote â€Å"many ragged children huddled in the doorways† describes the poverty-stricken and deprived state of this area. Naturally this poorer area would have a higher crime rate than other areas in London, which is why it was where one might go to make dodgy deals, or where a person would be most likely to bump into criminals and beggars. Soho particularly reflects Hyde’s personality and the reader can see exactly why he would fit in so well in such a place, as he can be defined as a criminal in many occasions of the story. The theme of duality throughout the story is also reflected in other characters of the story and the setting too, as well as just Jekyll and Hyde. There are many cases where some of the characters are shown to be hypocrites and even lead double lives. For example, the policeman investigating the Carew murder case â€Å"lit up with professional ambition† when he comes to realise that it is the local MP whose death he is in looking into, and the advantages of this case for his career regardless of how brutally Sir Danvers Carew was killed. This hypocritical behaviour of the policeman clearly shows the reader his selfishness and that he cares more about what good it would do him to deal with something that would â€Å"make a deal of noise† than exposing a murderer. He knows that it would lead to his personal recognition within the community, as Sir Danvers was a gentleman who was highly looked up to so he seizes the chance. In addition to this Sir Danvers was said to be walking the street alone, late at night around the time of his murder so despite the fact that he appears to be so polite and innocent, is there no chance that he could have had another unsuspected side to him, too? Another example of a hypocrite would be the old woman at Hyde’s house, who is even said to have an â€Å"evil face, smoothed by hypocrisy†. On the hearing of Hyde being in trouble with the police, â€Å"a flash of odious joy appeared upon the woman’s face† meaning that it is to her satisfaction to hear about her master’s sins and involvement in crime when it’s her job to still be loyal and trustworthy towards him, regardless of any crime he has committed. Although there’s nothing more than a couple of sentences to these two little revelations in the novel, they reveal to the reader the true and double natures of people who we would expect better from. Even Jekyll’s house symbolises duality – firstly there are two entrances, a front door used by Jekyll and the back door used by Hyde, supporting that there are two sides to everything, and also that it seems less obvious to the reader that they are both the same person. The front section of the house consists of Jekyll’s general living space, and he commonly uses this area to throw dinner parties and gatherings. The hall is â€Å"warmed by a bright, open fire and furnished with costly cabinets of oak† which gives the impression of being very welcoming and comforting. Jekyll’s elegant home echoes a â€Å"great air of wealth and comfort† representing the character he acts as in public. The rear door which Hyde enters and leaves from is â€Å"blistered and distained† and leads to Jekyll’s laboratory and private room where Hyde is usually seen. The back rooms of the house don’t share the elegant interior and hospitable atmosphere of the front rooms making them seem as if they are not connected to each other. The laboratory is a â€Å"sinister block of building† with no windows which makes it significantly dark and depressing as there is no natural light coming in to the room. The negative language used links Hyde to the back section of the building and reflects his personality. We have already acknowledged that the theme of duality is related to the suppression of the Victorian society, as we know Jekyll’s double nature exists due to hiding his feelings. It was common for Victorians, gentlemen in particular, to suppress their feelings as status depended on reputation, making it difficult for them to give into pleasures that they des ire. An example of this is shown in Mr Utterson the lawyer, who solves the truth behind the story of Jekyll & Hyde. As his profession has a high status, he obviously has to live up to the good reputation he has – the quote â€Å"and though he enjoyed the theatre, had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years† shows that he refrains from doing the things he would like to, simply concealing his emotions. Likewise, Mr Enfield subtly implies that he is also hiding something when he quotes â€Å"I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning† – as he doesn’t give any details about where he was and he was out so late, perhaps he was committing some type of sin, and giving into his suppression. The structure of the book continues to reflect the predominant theme of duality as it has a non linear narrative with a number of characters narrating the different chapters of the story. This suggests that there are more than two ways of looking at something, as the reader gets to see the same event through the eyes of different people and learn about their varying viewpoints, which backs up the author’s theory that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two†. Although it is effective for us to be told the story from multiple perspectives, since it creates more of a mysterious tone throughout the novel and sets the suspense, it is quite biased as the accounts we are told from the different characters are based on their individual emotions and opinions regarding the events. I believe that Stevenson succeeds in getting his belief of dual nature in humans, across to the readers throughout the novel as the overall message of the book is that the human personality can be split into several parts. There is no one person who is all pure, or all evil, each and every one of us has different personalities and people living within ourselves. At one point in life, all humans will have put on a faà §ade, pretending to be a different person in public whilst their true emotions remain hidden inside. Stevenson explores this concept in depth, and the conclusion is that there will never be just one way of looking at something; there is never just one side to a story.

FastFit Case Analysis Essay

1. 1. Mark the main flows of goods and money in the diagram (above) and employ a key or table of descriptive elements to explain your answer. 1. HQ contacts the supplier and tells them how much of each product the company needs. 2. The supplier sends the goods to the FastFit warehouse. 3. The warehouse notifies HQ about receiving the goods and how much of each product is in storage. 4. HQ tells the warehouse, which stores to send the products to, how much product each store needs and when the store needs the products. 5. The warehouse sends the proper amount of each good to the FastFit stores. 6. Customers come into the FastFit stores and pay money to purchase the products. 7. Store sells the customer the merchandise, receives money and personal information about the customer and sends the happy customer home with their purchase. 8. Store sends money and customer information to HQ. Store also sends information about what products have been successful and which products are not selling. 9. HQ tells suppliers which goods are going to be re-ordered. Also HQ pays for the goods that the supplier has supplied. 10. HQ tells store managers how to set up and run the FastFit stores to enable the highest level of success. 11. Supplier sends information about the goods that have been shipped to the warehouse and how much money is owed for the goods. 2. a) List the specific items of information that are usually gathered at the POS (Point of Sale terminal or cash register) and recorded when a customer checks out (excluding obtaining the identity of the customer which is covered in Q3)? b) What are three important uses of this information at the store by the store manager and by management at the headquarters– a total of six uses? (use a table) (It is important that you give different responses/uses for store manager and the HQ) Transactional Information – POS Transaction ID – Payment Type (credit/debit) – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Amount Paid – Amount Due – Store Details (Name, Location, Branch) – Promotion/ Discount (if any) Product Information – Type of Product (Clothing/Accessory) – Product ID – Size of the Product – Product Brand – Price of the Product – Quantity of Product Staff Information – Which employee sold the product to the customer – Comparison on employee success Store Information – Sales Promotions Occurring – How long the product has been in the store – How many of the same products remain in store – How popular the product has been Use of Information by Store Managers: Information Elements Needed Description of the use – Which Employee sold the product to the customer – Quantity of items sold to the customer – Date and Time of the transaction – Total Amount of money the customer paid – Managers can see which employees have been selling the most. They can identify which employees have not been selling as much. They can provide incentives to encourage employees to get more sales – Type of Product – Product Brand – Quantity of Product – Size of Product – Managers can see which products are most popular in the store. Can implement new structures to display products in a desirable manner. Can tell employees which products to heavily advertise to customers. Can keep store stocked appropriately based on which items are most popular. – Amount Paid – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Managers can see how much money the store is making on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. If sales are slow during certain periods, management might make a decision to lay off some employees. If sales are strong, management might need to hire more employees. Use of Information by Management at Headquarters: Information Elements Needed Description of Use – Size of Product – Product Brand -Type of Product – Quantity of Product sold – Sales Management can assess the information and understand which brands are popular in which store locations. Knowing the popular brands they can contact the suppliers to replenish goods, and try implementing similar brands to certain store locations. – Amount Paid – Time of sale – Date of sale – Store details – Payment Type Income Management can look at financial success in each store. If some stores are more successful than others, they can move store managers around to try implement the successful tactics everywhere. Can also implement certain payment techniques if a credit card brand is popular at a specific store – Promotions – Type of Product – Product Brand – Size of Product – Quantity of Product Marketing Management can see which products are the most popular in each store. Can create advertisements that are catered to each individual store location. Can create new store layouts to promote the popular items in store and draw customers in. 3. a) What are some ways to obtain the identity of the customer at the POS and to associate this â€Å"identity† with more detailed information about the customer? b) What business actions could FastFit then take based upon this additional information? Obtaining Customer Identity Associate this Identity with more detailed information Actions based on Information Gathered Have the customer sign up for a FastFit customer card Customer created personal ID that gives the store information on all the customers’ purchases. Store will know what items are desirable to the customer and when they make the most purchases. FastFit can use this information to give the customer promotions towards their favorite items in the form of coupons and promotional emails. Also the store can email customer more information about their favorite brands, and suggestions of similar products the customer might like. Credit Card Information The customer’s credit card gives personal information on where the customer lives and what purchases they have made in the store. The store can put up more focused advertisements in the locations where their customers live. Ask Customers to fill out a survey Survey will gain information about how customers feel about the store and FastFit’s products. They can see if customers feel like the store has issues, and what people feel needs to be addressed with the overall company. They can recognize certain issues and address them directly. These might include changing the overall store atmosphere or the quality of products inside. If customers like a certain aspect of the store, FastFit can emphasize this. Maybe try and have a more diversified product mix or different advertising routine. 4. Assume HQ is responsible (HQ issues orders to suppliers and determines what warehouse should deliver to stores) for replenishing inventory at the stores. a) What information (elements) are needed and how are these used to decide what (the warehouse) sends to each store? b) Where do the information elements come from? (use a table to combine the responses for a and b). c) List two reasons why we didn’t have each store decide what (replenishments) to order from the warehouse? Headquarters Responsibilities Information Elements Needed Source of Information Product Information: – Type of Product (Clothing/Accessory) – Product ID – Sizes of the Product – Product Brand – Price of each Individual Product – Quantity of Product needed Computer checkout system takes all of this information, as products are being purchased and returned in the store. Transaction Information: – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Amount Paid – Amount Due – Types of Products being sold at the time Computer checkout system in store takes in this information about how much was spent at the store and at which times the most spending occurs. Also managers can see tell when the busiest times of the day, month and year are just by observing customer patterns in the store. Customer Information: – Ages of customers coming into the store – Which gender (male/female) shops most frequently at the store – Which products the customers are purchasing the most – Where does the customer base live – When do the customers purchase the most merchandise Customer database formed by customers that are part of the FastFit customer card club. The personal ID gives info about customers past purchases and their preferences toward certain products. Surveys customers filled out which explains age, gender and store and product preferences. Computer checkout system also records customer purchases to see what people like and how often they visit the store. Store Information: – Sales Promotions occurring – How long the product has been in the store – How many of the same product remain in store – How popular products have been Inventory tracking database in each store keeps track of which items have not been sold. Store management and employees keep track of trends and promotional deals going on within the stores. They can also visually observe which items have been around for longer, and which items have been selling out very quickly. c. Management at HQ controls the replenishments because they can oversee all operations across all of the stores. They have the power to make calculated decision about each store that would benefit the company as a whole. If each store were to replenish the products themselves, they would only replenish what is popular at each time. HQ ensures that each store is receiving the goods that will properly sell in the location that the store is in. HQ can analyze trends on a larger scale, and implement advertising strategies and product mix based on the data trends. If replenishing were left to the individual stores, sales and profit would be lost. 5. a) Draw a system diagram that shows the key information and product flows between FastFit (HQ and Warehouse) and a supplier, including the steps for ordering and invoicing and label each flow descriptively. This diagram will have three circles. b) Compare your drawing with the diagram showing the flows that occur when a customer buys something at a (physical) store and explain why the former is more complicated. 1. HQ decides what needs to go into stores and orders the products from suppliers 2. Supplier sends HQ a confirmation of the order and also sends an invoice for how much money is owed 3. Supplier sends the merchandise to the warehouse 4. HQ pays the supplier for the products 5. HQ contacts the warehouse and confirms that the products have been shipped and accounted for in the warehouse 6. The warehouse sends an invoice slip to HQ for holding the products and sending them out as necessary 7. HQ pays the warehouse the correct amount on invoice slip 1. Customer goes into store and selects an item/items to purchase 2. Store receives money from customer for the purchased product 3. Store records information and sends the info to HQ b. The diagram above shown in the first part of problem 5 is more sophisticated than the latter diagram because it involves many more transactions. HQ must go through a careful decision process even before  ordering the products from the supplier. After ordering the correct items, HQ must ensure that the merchandise reaches the warehouse, and then the store without any issues occurring in between. This entails that HQ pays the supplier and warehouse in time. HQ has to deal with all of the physical decision making as well as financial details of each transaction. HQ pulls each element together. 6. Assume that FastFit headquarters receives and pays invoices from suppliers. a) How do they decide whether (i.e. which information elements does the HQ use) to pay and how much to pay? b) From where do they get the information to make this decision? (use a table to combine responses to a and b). Headquarters Decision Making: Information Elements Needed Source of Information/ Decision Pricing Information: – Product ID – Amount of Products being bought – Price of each different product – Amount of products being bought each season. – Which products FastFit wants to sell and (in the future) which products the customers have shown interest in. Supplier would provide the price of each product. Decision: HQ and supplier would agree on a set price based on how much of the product FastFit would be purchasing. FastFit would want to choose and continue doing business with the supplier based on what the customers have shown interest in Warehouse Information: – Warehouse checks to see that complete order has arrived – Checks for quality of products – Checks to ensure that the correct order has arrives – Records the information about received inventory Warehouse would provide the information about the order. Decision: HQ would pay the warehouse when the information gets relayed that the order was complete and correct. Warehouse and HQ would decide on a set price beforehand for each transaction that the warehouse performs. Delivery Information: – Date and time products are needed by – How quick the delivery takes place – Location of stores from warehouse – Location Supplier would set a price for the delivery of products to the warehouse. Warehouse would set a price for the delivery of products to the stores. Decision: HQ would potentially try and negotiate the price for deliveries with the warehouse and supplier. If the delivery services proved to be reliable HQ would feel satisfied with the price and process. Supplier Information: – Where the supplier is located – Reliability of supplier – How quick the supplier can get the product to the warehouse Supplier provides information about their processes and how much they charge for the products. Decision: HQ would pay the supplier based on how much product they are ordering and if the suppliers asking price is reasonable.

Different reasons why people communicate Essay

1.1 Identify the different reasons why people communicate Communication and relationships represent one of the most important characteristics of working with others, adults and children. There are a variety of reasons why people communicate, mainly: -Building relationships: the first thing that will happen when I first meet a new child, parent, colleagues, is some form of communication. This might be a smile, wave or a linguistic form of salutation. By those first form of communication I begin to build a relationship. -Maintaining relationship: I keep building relationships with children and adults to create a trusting relationship. -Gaining and sharing information: I need to gain and share info in work non only with children and their families, but also with colleagues and managers. This will help in the way that I work and problem solving -Expressing needs and feelings: we as human beings all need to express our needs and feelings and also be there to allow children to do the same. 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationship in the work setting it is essential to establish good relationships with all the people I daily deal with. Good communication skills are related to strong relationship with children, parents, colleagues and other adults. We need to communicate to share and gain information, like routine info about how a child is feeling, play interests or health and welfare. Communication is fundamental to gain parents confidence and trust in us and make them feeling comfortable with us. It’s hard but necessary to be able to quickly find ways of communicating with them and building relationship, for example in a settling in context. A good quality of communication, then, allow a child to feel relaxed and play and learn more effectively. When I can communicate effectively I’ll help to build vocabulary to allow expressing themselves. Communication it’s furthermore important in the case of a child transition to  another classroom or school: the main aim is trying to pass all the info related to the child so to allow other people to build relationship as quickly as possible. Communication, finally, is essential to my relationship with all my colleagues, to work well together it is essential to communicate in a strong and professional way. 2.2 Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication To promote effective communication it is essential to choose which communication method to use and the right style of communication: face to face interaction, phone conversation, sign language, written communication (emails, reports), gesture, picture of children in action. It’s useful to consider the environment in which the communication happen to be: it’s better to communicate with adults in a quiet place or create a cosy and homely place to establish relationship with children. Another important factor is represented by the distance between me and the person I’m communicating with. Being very close to a child can be very useful but not as much as if I don’t know the child of if he/she is shy. Posture is important as well (e.g. standing at the same level of a child while communicating with him). 3.1 Explain why people from different backgrounds may use  and/or interpret communication methods in different ways. When people share more or less the same cultural background and the more or less the same experiences, they interpret things in a similar way and this make communication much easier and avoid misunderstandings. This is easy and happen naturally in a family context, but normally the people I daily communicate with comes from a different culture, background and linguistic knowledge. In my Italian culture e.g. it’s important and natural to associate verbal communication with gesture, or in the Chinese culture eye contact is interpreted differently. We build our way of communicating by learning from our parents or family background so mine is culturally far from an English speaking family and far from a bilingual speaking family e.g.. this means that I have to be careful and cannot take for granted that my viewpoint of style of communication will always be effective. It’s important to consider different backgrounds, beliefs and individual values  and respect them so to develop the confidence to express themselves freely and make choices. 3.2/3.3 Identify barriers to effective communication and the ways you would overcome these. Language difficulties: different mother tongue represent an important barrier to effective communication, both in oral or written form. I personally try to study English every day and to learn how to communicate effectively in this language. I’m very interested in different culture and always try to learn some word of the other language a child can speak or being able to understand (French, Spanish, Japanese e.g.) Inappropriate method of communication: difficulties in choosing appropriate words or language, inappropriate style or tone, illegibly writing, choosing to write a letter instead of having a word†¦ I think it’s very important to consider each and every situation and the kind of relationship I might have with the people I’m dealing with so to choose the best method of communicate and make it effective. All the barriers related to the transfer of communication: background noise, unreceived mails†¦I make sure that the passage of a message to another adult or child is done in an effective way, checking feedbacks and if one of those condition  are  present: hearing impairment; visual impairment; disability/learning difficulties. 3.4 Demonstrate strategies  misunderstandings  that  can  be  used  to  clarify  paraphrasing and reflecting to check understanding; apologizing; simplifying language. 3.5 Explain how to access to extra support or services below to enable individuals to communicate effectively (translation  services, interpreting services, speech and language services, advocacy services) There are a number of services that can be accessed to support communication, including: Interpreters or Translators when we need to support foreigners; Signers to support deaf people; Advocators. These services can be utilized by educational and health services through a booking system. Local authorities also have access to a team of specialists, such as Speech and Language therapists. Support can also be found on the internet through various specialist websites, including The British Deaf Society and The National Blind Children’s Society. Information on how to access to help can be found on internet, but also in clinics and libraries. There is also a range of specialist equipment, like induction loops, Braille embossers and printers. As a nursery assistant, if I feel that a child is in need of extra support, I will refer him/her to my manager. Having explained my concerns, she may choose to observe the child herself. If she felt it was necessary she would then book any support services that may be required. 4.1 Explain the meaning of the term confidentiality Confidentiality means not sharing information about people without their knowledge and agreement, and ensuring that written and electronic information cannot be accessed or read by people who have no reason to see it (using a password protected computer which is only accessed by named staff members and viewed by appropriate officials like Ofsted and parents). So, you cannot tell anyone what you’ve been told by a teacher, a student or a parent unless you have their permission, knowledge or if you think that the child is going to be in danger.  Confidentiality includes respecting other people’s rights and keeping safe the information that they have provided. In such a workplace as a Nursery it is easy to come to know personal things we are not supposed to. For example, a child may tell us something private, not understanding we should not know it. It is our duty to keep the information for ourselves. However, in the setting there is a Policy about the privacy which is to be read and signed by all members of staff and, of course, respected too. 4.3 Describe the potential tension between maintaining an individual’s confidentiality and disclosing concerns While parents and children have the right to confidentiality there are occasion when the need to maintain confidentiality might be breached. If I have concerns that a child is being abused, I must disclose this information to the Manager, unless I think that by disclosing the information I will put the child in further danger. Being it very hard to work out such a decision, sharing the concerns with a trusted colleague could help a lot. In case the Manager doesn’t see any abuse where I clearly see it, I will continue to keep an eye on the child I think has been abused and whenever I feel the child is in significant danger, I will report immediately to the Manager again and, in case of necessity, to the owner of the setting. UNIT 068 1.1 Explain each of the terms: speech; language; communication; speech,  language and communication needs Speech is the vocalized form of human communication, based upon the syntactic combination of lexical and names that are drawn from very large vocabularies. Each spoken word is created out of the phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and consonant speech sound units. These vocabularies differ creating the existence of many thousands of different types of languages. Most human speakers are able to communicate in two or more of them. The vocal abilities that enable humans to produce speech also  provide humans with the ability to sing. A gestural form of human communication exists for the deaf in the form of sign language. Speech in some cultures has become the basis of a written language. Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. In addition to its strictly communicative uses, language also has many social and cultural uses, such as signifying group identity, social stratification, as well as for social grooming and entertainment. Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or a group of living creatures. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes. Speech, language and communication needs it’s a term used to refer to any difficulty that a child has in any of the three areas, e.g. difficulty in producing certain sounds (speech). 1.2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children’s development: learning; emotional; behaviour; social. Speech, language and communication skills support: learning development because they help a child to understand what is being seen or provide a way for the child to communicate what he/she has seen. Babies use sounds and  facial expressions to communicate needs and express themselves. Toddlers use words and gestures to make connections and develop their knowledge and understanding. Pre-school children ask questions and make sense of the responses, they use words to express their ideas and develop their understanding; they support emotional development because controlling emotions is a large part of emotional development and if children become frustrated, angry or jealous and can’t communicate their feelings they may have a tantrum. But as their skills develop they can name their emotions and find other ways of expressing them, so babies use sounds and facial expressions to develop an attachment and relationship with their main carers, toddlers use words and body language to express their feelings and preschool children use speech and language to express their feelings and exert their independence; they support behaviour because once a child understands language they can begin to understand the consequences of their actions and start to think things through, becoming less impulsive and they support social development as children can start to recognise how others feel by watching their body language and listening to what they say and learn to adjust their behaviour accordingly. Children also start to understand social codes and how to behave appropriately. So, babies use sounds and facial expressions in responding to adult interactions, toddlers use words and gestures to interact with others and pre-school children use speech and language to interact with others and develop friendships. 1.3 Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the development of a child, both currently and in the longer term.  Such difficulties may have an impact on a child overall development both currently and in  longer term. Currently, because a child may not follow the expected pattern of development for communication finding it difficult to communicate with carers and peers and causing him to become frustrated and show negative behaviour, anger, lack of confidence, find it difficult to form  relationships, to learn process and apply new information and find it hard to be understood by others. The children may have social problems struggling to communicate with peers leading them to avoid joining in with certain activities or leading them to play on their own affecting their social development. In the long term it can cause continued communication problems, low self-esteem, reduced life chances, finding it hard to make and maintain relationships, feeling isolated and excluded, not being able to be independent, develop antisocial behaviour. It is surely very important to be able as a carer to recognize as early as possible the presence of symptoms of such difficulties in order to intervene promptly and give more chances to the child. 2.1 Explain the ways in which adults can effectively support and extend the speech, language and communication development of children during the early years: – the words and levels of language adults use with children (including the use of questions) One of the skills to acquire is to quickly work out the level of language we need to use with children and also the style we need to adopt. Adults seem automatically to be able to change the structure of their language when working with babies in order to simplify it, this seems to be particularly important so that babies can focus on the key words in a sentence and so begin to associate these words with meaning. Questions play an important part in stimulating and extending children’s speech, they can show children that we are interested in what they are doing or thinking. Rhetorical questions are useful when working with babies and toddler, but are not helpful with children who already have speech as they simply deny children the opportunity to answer. – informations and activities used Planning activities or using books will prompt children speech, although it is always important for adults to build on children’s existing interests as well as providing new things for them. – their conversations/interaction with children  children who have speech need time to chat to adults, most children like to  be doing something or have something to show the adult for the conversation to take place. This often require the adult to sit down at their level. Good conversation do not work when the adult is moving and cannot make eye contact or is distracted. For babies and toddlers early interaction is often playful, including songs and rhymes. – work with parents/carers Parents/careres often have a strong relationship with their children and they’re able to tune into them and adapt their language. This means that parents have the potential to be brilliant language partners for their children, where a child has a specific speech and language need, both setting and parents will need to work together with a speech and language therapist. 2.2 Explain the relevant positive effects of adult support for the children and their carers: – speech, language and communication skills Children can show progress in their speech, language and communication skills if high quality support is given, working with them can be very rewarding and parents are often delight by the improvement that their children are showing. – social interaction positive support can make a child more outgoing ans also confident in their interactions. Once children have more speech and language they are able to play more easily with other children. – behaviour  many children who are finding it difficult to communicate and speak will show aggressive, uncooperative and frustrated behaviour. Being able to communicate effectively can make and enormous difference to children’s behaviour. – emotional development/self confidence positive aldult support also helps children’s emotional development. Not only do children become more confident, they also find through words ways of controlling their emotions and expressing their needs. 2.3 Explain how levels of speech and language development vary between children entering early years provision and need to be taken into account during settling in and planning. Every child is unique. It is obvious then that when they enter the nursery they will not be at the same level of development, not necessarily at least. We all know that some children start to speak at the age of 12 month while others will walk at 9 months, but others may take longer to start doing both activities. It is very important to help children settle in since their learning opportunities are amplified when children are confident, happy, motivated, engaged and supported in their play and exploration. For these reasons planning for children’s needs is a requirement of each setting and is an effective way to support children’s developing communication, speech and language needs. To help children settle in we need to take into account how much stimulation and encouragement they have experienced, what is their first language spoken at home, if there are any individual speech, language or communication needs/difficulties/gaps. That is why when entering the setting all parents are asked to fill in a form for their child where they have the opportunity to give us information about their child’s needs and requirements. To help a child settle in, it is also very important to be aware of his/her self-confidence, self-esteem, ability to settle. Moreover, facilitating communication between children helps with understanding each other, forming positive relationships, and demonstrates ways each can utilise negotiation and conflict resolution by waiting, listening and expression. 4.1 Explain the importance of the environment in supporting speech, language and communication development Communication friendly spaces are essential to help children develop their speech and language and these spaces should be made available both indoors and outdoors. Such spaces should be ideated thinking to reduce noise and distractions to a minimum otherwise the children cannot concentrate (for example the book area). The area should have sunlight to maximise the use of light and enable young babies or toddlers to see your face and how we use facial expression (particularly important if you have a child with an  hearing impairment or while working with babies that do not speak yet so that are not able to use language to communicate). You should consider the impact of the colour to reflect on a child’s emotions, a good colour is yellow since this colour is recognised faster than any other colour, evokes spontaneity, is joyful, optimistic, warm and signifies communication. Our rooms have a different colour each one and one has, as a dominant colour, red and I find it a bit ove rwhelming, while the other two rooms are light blue and light grey and you feel more relaxed in them. In the book corner we have a nice shelf with different age/stage books in; we also have some very nice musical stories that come with books with illustrations and that children really love a lot. We then have a soft box where we keep soft toys and puppets we use for singing time and to mime. All these materials are always kept at children’s keep so they can help themselves, this enables the area to be inviting for the children.